Two articles of mine posted on other websites today:
On BreakPoint.com: Handling a Hot Topic (how Christians ought to engage in controversies like the one over Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed).
And on the website for the Center for a Just Society, the first of two articles on the whether there was some connection between Darwinism and Nazism, as the movie claims. This first one looks at Richard Dawkins’s to the matter in his review of the movie Expelled. The second one, to be published around Monday, acknowledges that no legitimate philosophical link can be drawn from Darwinism to Hitler’s ethics. There’s another question, though: was there an historical connection regardless?
I must refer you also to Richard Weikart’s expert article on that topic, published yesterday.
Hitler had some interesting views on the Darwinian concept that man had evolved from other animals.
From Hitler’s Tischgespraeche for 1942 ‘Woher nehmen wir das Recht zu glauben, der Mensch sei nicht von Uranfaengen das gewesen , was er heute ist? Der Blick in die Natur zeigt uns, dass im Bereich der Pflanzen und Tiere Veraenderungen und Weiterbildungen vorkommen. Aber nirgends zeigt sich innherhalb einer Gattung eine Entwicklung von der Weite des Sprungs, den der Mensch gemacht haben muesste, sollte er sich aus einem affenartigen Zustand zu dem, was er ist, fortgebildet haben.’
I shall translate Hitler’s words, as recorded by the stenographer.
‘From where do we get the right to believe that man was not from the very beginning what he is today.
A glance in Nature shows us , that changes and developments happen in the realm of plants and animals. But nowhere do we see inside a kind, a development of the size of the leap that Man must have made, if he supposedly has advanced from an ape-like condition to what he is’ (now)
And in the entry for 27 February 1942 , Hitler says ‘Das, was der Mensch von dem Tier voraushat, der veilleicht wunderbarste Beweis fuer die Ueberlegenheit des Menschen ist, dass er begriffen hat, dass es eine Schoepferkraft geben muss.’
Hitler was influenced by the ideas of the Reverend Thomas Malthus, as was Darwin, and indeed as was everybody in the 20th century.
Steven, what is your response to the points Weikart makes in the article that Tom links to?
My response is that Hitler was scathing of Darwin’s ideas that man had evolved from other animals, but had embraced the ideas of the Reverend Thomas Malthus
http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/malthus/malthus.0.html
‘And when they fell in with any tribes like their own, the contest was a struggle for existence, and they fought with a desperate courage, inspired by the rejection that death was the punishment of defeat and life the prize of victory.
In these savage contests many tribes must have been utterly exterminated…..The prodigious waste of human life occasioned by this perpetual struggle for room and food….’
These sorts of sentiments are pretty close to what Hitler expressed in his Zweitem Buch, with its talk of Lebensraum and struggle for existence.
Steven, you didn’t respond to Weikart at all here.
Yes, Hitler probably accepted Malthusian ideas. Malthus was a major contributor to Darwin’s thinking. So if you want to show that Darwin rejected Hitler, you won’t accomplish that by showing that he accepted Malthus.
But there’s more in Weikart than just that…
Hitler fully embraced the idea that man evolved from other animals. In Table Talk #51 Hitler said:
24th October 1941, evening
(Table Talk, 14th October, 1941)
What reference is ‘Table Talk #51’? What date? What is the original German? Human beings are not baboons, by the way. As a naturalist, Darwin would have known that.
From Table Talk – 24th October 1941, evening ‘Die zehn Gebote sind Ordnungsgesetze, die absolut lobenswert sind’. ‘The 10 Commandmanents are laws, which are totally praiseworthy’.
I can’t find your quote for that date. There is nothing that says that.
Was Hitler really such an idiot that he thought there could be life on stars? Quite possibly…. The guy was not an evil genius. He was an evil moron. Just read Table Talk or Mein Kampf and you will realise just how dumb Hitler was.
I can find the following for that date, 24/10/2008, ‘Tatsache ist, das wir willenlose Geschoepfe sind, dass es eine schoepferische Kraft aber gibt. Das leugnen zu wollen, ist Dummheit.’
‘Fact is , that we are weak-willed creatures, that there must be a creative force. To want to deny that, is stupidity.’
I should point out that there is no entry for 14/10/1941 in the most authentic edition of Table Talk, by Henry Picker.
Which is why I can’t find your quote. It is probably from the version doctored by Genoud and Bormann. Genoud also tried to pass off to David Irving a forged ‘Hitler’s Last Testament’…..
Steven, this (2:02 pm) borders on silly. You think that Darwin could have told the difference between a human and a baboon; you might also be able to tell the difference between someone who believes the 10 commandments and one who spouts them for his own purposes.
I’m not sure what you hope to accomplish here. If you’re trying to show that Hitler was a Christian instead of a Darwinist, let me point out my most recent post. The Darwin Hitler link isn’t necessarily so much about Hitler’s beliefs as it is about the German culture’s beliefs. Hitler may have believed what German Darwinists of that era were saying, or he may have merely co-opted it for his own anti-Semitic purposes. Either way, there was a connection to Darwinism.
But he did speak in support of Darwinism, as understood by the science of Germany in that day, and he did act consistently with that set of beliefs.
You say that he never renounced his Catholicism. So what? He wasn’t exactly living the life of a Benedictine monk, either. He was an evil person. Maybe he was also a liar? He wouldn’t be the first person in history to try, with words, to ingratiate himself with religious believers, for purely manipulative purposes.
I just googled the first sentence of Charlie’s quote and found this. Maybe it will help you with the source you are trying to find.
Interestingly enough, it goes on to say,
I’ve enjoyed many looks at the authenticity of Table Talk, at least as far as a non-German speaker can on the internet.
There is no evidence that Genoud edited Bormann’s Table Talk. Bormann’s Table Talk is unrelated to the forged diary that Genoud tried to pass.
What Piker was produced was not another “edition” of Table Talk but notes from a different period. Piker’s is not as reliable as Bormann’s.
Here is a post I made on this subject a couple of years ago:
——
My quotes come from a forum participant called Nova Land, who I think was at first hostile to the Table Talk references.
Nova Land says:
On March 22/06 Nova Land concurs with Irving on translations:
Start about 3/4 down the page.
http://forums.randi.org/archive/index.php/t-167-p-2.html
Here is the start of that good discussion:
http://forums.randi.org/showpost.php?p=1129057&postcount=454
Continuing here:
http://forums.randi.org/showthread.php?t=167&page=12
—-
The quote doesn’t say that.
Picker is spelled Picker, not Piker. You clearly have researched this well.
Only Genoud had Bormann’s Vermerke and Genoud was a forger and hoaxer.
Picker was the first to be published, and had the involvement of Gerhard Ritter of the University of Freiburg.
Picker was an actual stenographer, unlike Jochmann, or Genoud or Bormann. It is also not a translation,
Picker also contains testimonials from fellow bunker officers.
And as pointed out by ‘Charlie’ , the text of Picker does mostly agree with Jochmann.
Which makes the differences more interesting.
The English version of Table Talk is the version doctored by Genoud.
For example, ‘But I owe nothing to the Church that trafficks in the salvation of souls…..’
The German of Jochman and Picker has none of that. It reads ‘Abgesehen davon, dass mir zu grausam ist, die seligmachende Kirche…..’
However, the French of Genoud has this text ‘Mais je ne dois rien a cette Eglise qui trafique du salye des ames….’
Clearly, the English has been translated from the French, as it must be a bad translation of the French word ‘trafique’, which does not mean to traffic in. It means to tamper with.
Both Jochmann and Picker have the following ‘Das, was der Mensch vor dem Tier voraushat, die veilleicht wundersbarste Beweis fuer die Ueberlegenheit des Menschen ist, dass er begriffen hat, dass es eine Schoepferkraft geben muss’.
However Hitler’s belief in a creative Power is missing from Genoud and the normal English translation of Trevor Roper.
I should point out that David Irving in his libel trial claimed he had been misled by the English translations of Table Talk….
From the official court transcript….
‘ In his Pleadings, Irving recognises that he is on weak ground because of his constant mistranslations in this case. He tries to rescue his position by arguing that he merely followed the official translation in English, first published in 1953 by Weidenfeld….’
Irving should have checked the original German!
Tom
You say that he never renounced his Catholicism.
CARR
When did I say that?
CHARLIE
The other critic, who somehow dismisses all excerpts of Table Talk that allude to Hitler’s disavowal of Christianity is Carrier.
CARR
Here is what Carrier wrote ‘…in the actual German of this entry Hitler does attack the Church, Christian dogma and institutional religion….’
And yet somehow Charlie claims Carrier ‘dissmisses all excerpts of Table Talk that allude to Hitler’s disavowal of Christianity’.
So much for Charlie’s objectivity….
CHARLIE
Irving (again, a historian of some ill-repute) said that the translation was a good one. He talks of interpolations by the translators as necessary to give the text meaning and context.
CARR
Here is the trial transcript,pointing out Irving’s use of such translations.
‘As Irving stated in 1983, the German original ‘is completely different from the published English translation’ ….. But while Irving cut out this phrase, which made Hitler appear in a bad light, he deliberately continued to use the other parts of the flawed Weidenfeld translation, if the original German text implicated Hitler in a way that the Weidenfeld translation did not…
Irving uses both the German original, and the flawed translation, depending on which of the two documents serves his purpose of showing Hitler in a favourable light. Whether or not the Weidenfeld translation is accurate in any given case is of no interest at all to him; all that he is interested in is whether or not it supports his argument’
It is amazing that Christians quote somebody who was smashed apart in a court of law the way that Irving was, and instead malign an article by Richard Carrier which was published in the prestigious ‘German Studies Review’
Steven,
I made an error when I attributed that to you. I apologize for that. It was on another source that I was reading at about the same time.
Thank you for correcting my misspelling of Picker’s name in the first half of my comment.
Yes, Genoud forged parts of the discredited diaries, but what is the evidence he forged Table Talk? And especially the few passages in question here?
As he does. Attacking the Church or its dogma, is not a disavowal of Christianity. Carrier makes his denial of Hitler’s disavowals of Christianity explicit when he claims that Hitler was a “god-fearing Christian” and said things that any “Protestant bigot” would say.
Hitler was clearly not a Christian by any standard of the word. He held to none of the creeds, denied Christ’s divinity, denied the entire Old Testament (which Jesus endorsed), called the teaching of the New Testament lies, denied the tenets of a loving God and of loving one another, denied all of Christ’s teachings as found in the New Testament, etc.
The fact that he knew Jesus to have lived historically did not make him a Christian, and the fact that he lied about Jesus’ teachings, claimed him as the Aryan sone of a Roman (not of God) and a whore (not the Virgin Mary), made him explicitly not a Christian.
You yourself admit that Hitler hated Christianity.
Carrier’s claim that Hitler was God-fearing also fails when you realize that Hitler’s “god” was merely the acting out of the laws of nature. One can only fear them as far as one fears mother nature.
It is interesting that Expelled has a segment featuring Uta George, the director of the Hadamar Gas Chamber Memorial. Stein asked her specifically about Hitler being influenced by Malthus; she didn’t even know who Malthus was, and stated emphatically that the Nazi’s at Hadamar were Darwinists, and that was the basis for gassing those that were merely food consumers. It was a chilling segment of the film.
By the way:
Hitler’s evolutionary mentor, Ernst Haeckel, appears to have thought that man (Caucasian) evolved from baboons.
http://www.helsinki.fi/~pjojala/Haeckels_Faces.htm
I wonder if Genoud would have known that about Haeckel … ?
Expelled’s charge and the constant revival of this aspersion on this website — that Darwin leads to Hitler — seems fundamentally wrongheaded.
Hitler had a mother. Did Hitler’s mother lead to Hitler? Hitler was raised a Catholic, whose bible has whole populations destroyed both by God and by the Israelites at God’s behest. Is there a historical tie to Hitler’s actions and the bible and those who interpreted the bible for him? You could say yes to both of these historical ties, but all that you’ve achieved is vilification of historical entities who (that) are not Hitler.
Tom, you keep saying that although you concede that there is no philosophical link from Darwin to Hitler there is in fact a historical one. While I agree with you, I have no idea what your point is in raising it. (See above.)
Three things I think should be kept in mind:
1) Darwinism (in terms of political and moral outlook) is far too vague a term. In science, there is no Darwinism — just a theory of Evolution that ignores, modifies, reduces, and adds to a theory first put forth by Charles Darwin. Unlike a religious figure, Darwin’s views are not considered pure and perfect, but the first venture on an enterprise that tries to explain biological organisms. What Darwin said and thought about his scientific theory are interesting, but they are by no means definitive — as a scientist, he published his theory IN ORDER THAT IT COULD BE CHALLENGED, CHANGED (IMPROVED), AND EVEN DISPROVEN. What he said and thought about life, politics, music, etc. might be fascinating to some, but they are no more valid or important than your or my views on these topics.
2) Influencers shouldn’t be blamed for the actions of others that follow. That would be like blaming Thomas Jefferson for the bloodshed in the French Revolution, or Plato for any war initiated by a Republic, or Einstein for the destruction of Nagasaki and Hiroshima.
3) Scientists in particular are blameless for the implications of their theories. Scientific theories describe how things are, not how human beings ought to behave. If you want to require scientists to posit only those theories that can have a “positive moral” outcome you will have stopped science (this is bad) for something that is unenforceable.
Does Darwin’s Origin of Species have a historical tie to Hitler? Yes. So do a list of things too numerous to mention. Hence, raising the fact of the historical tie says more about the motives of the “uncoverer” than it does about the thing itself.
On relations of Darwin and Ernst Haeckel, the father of the vulgar continental evolutionism and eugenics in Europe:
Regarding the text books recycling the fraudulent embryo drawings, originally it was claimed that human embryos had functioning gills when they ‘climb up their family tree’ in mothers womb via fish stage and amphibian stage. I have scanned some of them in here:
http://www.helsinki.fi/~pjojala/Koulukirjat.html
They are, really, the MOST recycled figures at least in the Finnish text books of biology in the 20th century, I’m afraid. And were known to be deliberate fakes to begin with. Talking about indoctrination and popularization of science! Dawkins is Oxford professor on public understanding of science. That species is responsible for a lot of rubbish still recycled.
I try to bake the issue by few quotes from this article published in the 5th Asian conference for bioethics that I submitted in 2004:
http://www.helsinki.fi/~pjojala/Haeckelianlegacy_ABC5.pdf
Gould described how the predecessor in his chair (Louis Agassiz, 1807-1873) disliked
Haeckel for “his haughty dismissal of earlier work which he often shamelessly ‘borrowed’ without
attribution” (2000). Richardson and Keuck wrote in one of the above mentioned prestigious
correspondences:
“We can make a persuasive case with Haeckel because we have identified some of his sources… he removed the limbs.
The cut was selective, applying only to the young stage. It was also systematic because he did it to other species in the
picture… The altered drawings support theories which the originals did not. Therefore, these are not legitimate
schematic figures.” (Nature 410, 2001, p. 144.)
Haeckel never listed the sources of his simplified pictures. Filling the gaps in the embryonic
series by speculation is one thing, but concealing a mere hypothesis from observations is
something else.
The consensus seems to be, that the recapitulationary concept of Haeckel is dead thanks to
developmental physiology and genetics. It is hastily added, however, that it has its value as a
descriptive statement. Haeckel himself used puzzling phrase “labyrinth of ontogenesis” in his
most popular Weltraethsel or Riddle (1899 p. 79).
University-level textbooks elaborate a new concept of “evolvability” and after the
“unipolar Haeckel” –model, students still face concepts such as by “bipolar Haeckel”, “twodimensional
Haeckel”, and “three-dimensional Haeckel” -models. Sound criticism of the
deductive Haeckelian reductionism has been rare in the narrative thread of Ariadne.
In a sense the situation resembles the paradigm change from the “tree of life” to the “bush
of life” or “agnostic tree of life” at the emergence of the genome projects and popularization of the
lateral gene transfer. Likewise, the Biogenetic Law is still supported by several recent studies – if
applied to single characters only (like in Richardson & Keuck, 2002). Popperian habits would
wellcome not only verification, but also falsification in order to earn the epithet “scientific” for a
theory. Biogenetic Law was a straitjacket for a paradigm, and there must be a place for criticism
before adopting it as a heuristic principle.
“It is to be recalled that Haeckel had written: ‘Among the Spartans all newly born children were subject to a
careful examination and selection. All those that were weak, sickly, or affected with any bodily infirmity, were killed.
Only the perfectly healthy and strong children were allowed to live, and they alone afterwards propagated the race.’
[The History of Creation, 1883, I, p. 170.]
In the light of the following comments, is Haeckel “guilt by association” to Hitler only?
‘Sparta must be regarded as the first folkish state. The exposure of the sick, weak, deformed children, in short their
destruction, was more decent and in truth a thousand times more humane than the wretched insanity of our day which
preserves the most pathological subject.'[Hitler’s Secret Book, p. 18] (1971 p. 164)?
Let us remember that premature infants have been even operated without local anesthesia or
analgesic drugs almost until our times. Western countries, generally, have broadly embraced the
fact that a new-born child can feel pain only at the late 1980’ies.
Haeckel ascended from infanticide also to genocide: “…the morphological differences
between two generally recognized species – for example sheep and goats – are much less
important than those… between a Hottentot and a man of the Teutonic race” (The History of
Creation 1876, p. 434). He categorized human beings into “Woolly-haired” and “Straight-haired”
classes. The Woolly-haired people were “incapable of a true inner culture or of a higher mental
development” (The History of Creation, 1876, p. 310).
Only among the Aryans was there that
“symmetry of all parts, and that equal development, which we call the type of perfect human beauty” (The
History of Creation, 1876, p. 321). “The mental life of savages rises little above that of the higher mammals,
especially the apes, with which they are genealogically connected. Their whole interest is restricteed to the
physiological functions of nutrition and reproduction, or the satisfaction of hunger and thirst in the crudest animal
fashion… one can no more (or no less) speak of their reason than of that of the more intelligent animals.” (The
wonders of life, 1905, p. 56-7).
Finally, since: “the lower races – such as the Veddahs or Australian Negroes – are psychologically nearer to the
mammals – apes and dogs – than to the civilized European, we must, therefore, assign a totally different value to their
lives… Their only interest are food and reproduction… many of the higher animals, especially monogamous mammals
and birds, have reached a higher stage than the lower savages” (The wonders of life, 1905, p. 390, 393).
In his autobiography, Darwin stated: “Hardly any point gave me so much satisfaction when
I was at work on the Origin, as the explanation of the wide difference in many classes between the
embryo and the adult animal, and of the close resemblance of the embryos within the same class.
No notice of this point was taken, as far as I remember, in the early reviews of the Origin”.
Prior to Haeckel’s mystified doctrines, Charles Darwin (1809-1882) himself acknowledged
in his letter to his intimate Asa Gray (1810-1888) and Joseph Hooker (1817–1911), that “by far
the strongest single class of facts in favor of” his theory was the similarity of vertebrate embryos
in their earliest stages (Churchill 1991 pp. 1-29). Darwin complained that his reviewers and his
friends had not paid attention to his embryological arguments despite of this. In the Origin,
namey, Darwin had listed five set of facts in embryology, that could not be explained satisfactorily
without the idea of descent with modification. “The leading facts in embryology” were “second in
importance to none in natural history” (Origin, p. 450; Mayr 1982 p. 470).
Later on, this subject was siezed, indeed. Subsequent editions of the Origin
stated:“[Haeckel]…brought his great knowledge and abilities to bear on what he calls phylogeny,
or the lines of descent of all organic beings. In drawing up the several series he trusts chiefly to
embryological characters.”
Darwin did not apply his revolutionary theory to the human beings until his Descent of Man,
and Selection in Relation to Sex in 1871. This was after the ambitious Haeckel had firmly stepped
in the print, and the old Darwin paid hommage in his introduction:
“The conclusion that man is the co-descendant with other species… is not in any degree new… maintained by several
eminent naturalists and philosophers… and especially by Häckel. This last naturalist, besides his great work
‘Generelle Morphologie’ (1866), has recently (1868, with a second edit. in 1870), published his ‘Natürliche
Schöpfungsgeschichte,’ in which he fully discusses the genealogy of man. If this work had appeared before my essay
had been written, I should probably never have completed it. Almost all the conclusions at which I have arrived I find
confirmed by this naturalist, whose knowledge on many points is much fuller than mine.”
€ € €
The evolutionary ideology is one of lobbying and popularization of stuff the Zeitgeist wants to hear. Malthusian model was very important idea and model for Darwin, whose cousin was Sir Francis Galton, inventor of the whole concept of ‘eugenics’ in his book Inheritary genious. The book was full of self indulgence and praised Galton’s (Darwin’s) OWN family tree. According to Malthus worries, the industrial revolution put 12 year old girls to work over 120 hours a week. In order to kill them and to prevent the lower class of society from reproducing more rapidly than the inheritary genious families.
[email protected]
Biochemist, drop-out (Master of Sciing)
http://www.helsinki.fi/~pjojala/Expelled-ID.htm
Ed wrote at 2:27 am today, quoted here in full:
This is another charge without any supporting information. It’s just a different kind of ad hominem (in the informal sense of the term described in the comment guidelines), or name calling. There’s nothing there to answer; it’s just a taunt.
This has gone on long enough. I have marked the comment as spam (I’m still trying to figure out WordPress’s commenter banning function). I copied it in here as explanation for why I have done this, but I want it to be clear that this kind of unsupported argumentation and abusive communication is not going to continue here.
Hi guys.
I’d like to invite all of you to come discuss this further in my Facebook Group: http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=27858188856
I’d really like to have a nice healthy open debate about Evolution and Intelligent Design, but I would like to ask that you keep the Hitler comments to a minimum on there, but please feel free to bring up any valid point you’d like.
Thanks!
Haha.
Oh, you are a funny man. You don’t like what Ed has to say so you ban him. So much for freedom of speech, academic freedom and the like, hm?
See the comment guidelines. Disagreement is welcome, ad hominems and repeated distortions are not. Neither was the scatological reference he left here, which I have deleted.